Lib/sequencer offers Multitasking

The lib/sequencer library implements one kind of cooperative multi-tasking of the event-driven kind. Unlike "pure" cooperative multi-tasking, a task cannot stop at any time (using a hypothetical yield feature) but only in known and stable states. That is conform to the Eiffel principles.

The principle is:

• the class LOOP_STACK manages the multi-tasking;
• the class JOB represents a task. The task core is the continue feature, during which execution the task controls the whole system;
• the class EVENTS_SET allows to describe in which conditions a task can be executed.

We will successively see each of those concepts.

The multi-tasking manager

The class LOOP_STACK is in charge of managing the multi-tasking. It is used in two steps:

• initialization: creation of the LOOP_STACK object, and adding of the tasks to execute
• execution: execution of the run feature

Of course, tasks can be added during the execution. The manager can also be stopped, thanks to the break feature.

Also, the loops stack is composed of many execution loops (LOOP_ITEM). This allows, for instance, the implementation of a kind of modality (e.g. the modal windows in Vision).

Tasks

A task has a life cycle represented by the features executed by the manager (indeed a LOOP_ITEM hence the export clauses of those features).

1. prepare allows to prepare the task; in this phase, the task sets the events upon which it wants to be activated. The EVENTS_SET object is an object upon which one can set conditions (thanks to its expect feature).
2. is_ready allows to test if the task has really been activated.The EVENTS_SET object is an object upon which one can test conditions (thanks to its event_occurred feature).
3. continue contains the execution body of the task, and is executed if the task is really activated.
4. done tells if the task has finished its execution. If so, it will be removed from the execution loop. Otherwise, the cycle begins again.
5. restart allows to reinsert a task in the execution loop.

The restart feature is seldom useful. See Vision for some use cases.

Execution conditions

The class EVENTS_SET allows to set and test conditions (EVENT_DESCRIPTORs).

The possible conditions are:

• Time: this allows to create periodic tasks. See the classes PERIODIC_JOB, BACKGROUND_JOB, and TIME_EVENTS;
• Input-output:
  • Data on an input stream: this allows to build tasks that wait for input data to be available (feature INPUT_STREAM.event_can_read),
  • Data on an output stream: this allows to build tasks that wait until they can write on an output stream (feature OUTPUT_STREAM.event_can_write);
• Network: this allows to build tasks waiting network connections (feature SOCKET_SERVER.event_connection).

Tasks unfolding

The manager implements the following cycle:

• call to the feature EVENTS_SET.reset;
• call to the feature JOB.prepare on each task;
• call to the feature EVENTS_SET.wait to wait for at least one condition to happen;
• call to the feature JOB.is_ready on each task;
• for all the ready tasks, call to the feature JOB.continue;
• for those tasks, call to the feature JOB.done and if relevant, remove the task;
• and back to the beginning.

Priorities

Tasks are executed by priority order. Only the ready tasks with a lower priority are executed. The others, even if ready, will have to wait a future time when no other task with a lower priority is ready.

Libraries using the sequencer

• lib/net: servers usually allow to accept many simultaneous connexions. This is implemented thanks to the sequencer.

• lib/vision: the event manager loop is implemented with a sequencer.